![]() Why does the air speed up? Because of conservation of mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed, no matter what physical changes may take place. This means that if the area in which the air is moving narrows or widens, then the air has to speed up or slow down to maintain a constant amount of air moving through the area. So when you "squeeze" a stream of air, two things happen. The air speeds up, and as it speeds up, its pressure-the force of the air pressing against the side of the object-goes down. When the air slows back down, its pressure goes back up. While air can be compressed more easily than water, freely flowing air acts much like water-at least at relatively low speeds. For this to happen, the air must either compress or speed up where its flow narrows. Even so, the amount of air moving past any point at any given moment within the airflow is the same. At the end of each experiment, the participants share their reflections on the observations made.When moving air encounters an obstacle-a person, a tree, a wing-its path narrows as it flows around the object.Using the scientific method, each team performs the five experiments.Participants form teams of three or four people.Answer key for educators: Download the participant handout (PDF, 456 KB).Mission preparation Materials per team (of 3 to 4 people) Develop a hypothesis, conduct an experiment and reach a conclusion.Make connections between the forces that affect the flight of an airplane and the Bernoulli principle.Understand the theoretical foundations of Bernoulli's principle.Objectiveīy the end of this mission, participants will be able to: This activity was developed by the Cosmodôme.Įxperiment 2: Ball Behaviour in a Jet StreamĮxperiment 3: Distance Between Two Aluminum Cansĭiscover and understand the essential elements of Bernoulli's principle to learn more about lift. To illustrate Bernoulli's principle, try some of the experiments below. Therefore, the pressure differences of a fluid exerted on an object can move that object. It works well for planes as well as birds! This pressure difference (normal pressure below the wing and low pressure above the wing) causes an upward force and produces the lift of the aircraft. This increases the speed of the airflow, thereby creating a zone of low pressure. Conversely, the curved profile on the top side of the wing travels a greater distance through the air. ![]() Under the wing, the speed of the air is not influenced by the flat profile of the wing. ![]() (Remember, liquids and gasses are both considered fluids!) This creates a pressure difference in the airflow that produces the lift exerted on the aircraft. The difference in the shape of the top and bottom of the wing influences the speed of the air flowing over the wing. ![]() In other words, Bernoulli's principle states that the higher the velocity of a fluid, the lower the pressure.īernoulli's principle can be applied to explain the operation of the wing of an airplane. This principle states that within the flow of a fluid, like a liquid or a gas, an acceleration (or increase in the speed of the fluid) occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure (or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy). The Bernoulli principle was established in 1738 by Daniel Bernoulli. This activity explores the Bernoulli principle and how you can learn about lift using everyday objects. Pilots understand their planes and the forces that are exerted on them during flight. Download the PDF version (573 KB) Backgroundĭid you know that many astronauts were airplane pilots before being recruited to go to space? This is a skill that is highly sought after by space agencies. ![]()
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